Portable water purification systems and method of assembling same

ABSTRACT

A portable liquid filtration device includes a GPS tracking unit, a portable housing, an inlet configured to receive non-potable water, and an ozone chamber positioned within the portable housing. The ozone chamber is configured to generate an ozone gas from received air. The device also includes a filtration duct positioned within the portable housing and downstream from the inlet. The filtration duct includes at least one oxidation chamber configured to mix the received water with the ozone gas, and at least one ultraviolet (UV) chamber downstream from the at least one oxidation chamber and including a UV lamp positioned adjacent the water within the filtration duct. The device further includes an outlet positioned on the portable housing and downstream from the filtration duct. The filtration duct is operable to output at least 150 liters per hour of the received water from the outlet as potable water.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/961,560, filed Apr. 24, 2018, which is a continuation-in-part application and claims the benefit of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/688,056, filed Aug. 28, 2017, which are both incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

The field of the disclosure relates generally to liquid purification systems, and more particularly to a portable, self-contained water purification device.

In at least some areas of the world, the availability of potable water supplies is minimal or nonexistent. The need for potable water in a particular area may arise from a lack of naturally present potable water, some variety of accidental contamination, or from a natural disaster such as an earthquake or a flood that results in contamination of the water supply. Natural disasters may also result in damage to a disaster area's water supply infrastructure. In natural disaster scenarios, for example, a water purification system may be delivered to the area of need to augment its potable water producing capabilities. However, at least some water purification systems have a weight or bulk that prevents or inhibits transportation to areas of need, and/or power requirements that prevent or inhibit use at areas of need.

At least some known water purification systems include at least one filter and a pump to move water through the filter. Some known water purification systems include multiple filtration steps including introducing ozone to the water and exposing the water to ultraviolet light. However, at least some of these systems are not designed to remove both chemical and biological contaminants such as pesticides and infectious disease carriers.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

In one aspect, a method of filtering liquid using a portable liquid filtration device is provided. The method includes positioning the portable liquid filtration device such that an inlet on a portable housing of the portable liquid filtration device is oriented to receive the liquid to be filtered, drawing air into the portable housing through an ozone chamber within the portable housing, such that ozone gas is generated, channeling the ozone gas and the received liquid to at least one oxidation chamber within the portable housing, such that the ozone gas and the received liquid are mixed, channeling the liquid mixture to at least one ultraviolet (UV) chamber within the portable housing, such that a UV lamp of the UV chamber irradiates the liquid mixture with UV light, and discharging potable water, received from the at least one UV chamber, through an outlet in the portable housing, wherein the portable liquid filtration device is configured to produce an output of at least about 1 million liters of potable water at a threshold potability level, wherein at least one of the ozone chamber, the at least one oxidation chamber, or the at least one UV chamber has a limited service life that defines the output at the threshold potability level.

In another aspect, a portable liquid filtration device is provided. The device includes a portable housing, an inlet positioned on the portable housing and configured to receive liquid therethrough, and a plurality of filtration components permanently coupled within the portable housing. The filtration components include an ozone chamber configured to receive air from outside the portable housing and generate an ozone gas from the received air, a filtration duct in downstream flow communication with the inlet, at least one oxidation chamber configured to mix the received liquid with the ozone gas from the ozone chamber, and at least one ultraviolet (UV) chamber in downstream flow communication with the at least one oxidation chamber and comprising a UV lamp positioned adjacent the liquid within the filtration duct, the UV lamp configured to irradiate the liquid with UV light. The device also includes an outlet positioned on the portable housing and in downstream flow communication with the filtration duct, wherein the outlet is configured to discharge an output of at least about 1 million liters of potable water at a threshold potability level, wherein the output at the threshold potability level is limited by a service life of at least one of the plurality of filtration components.

In yet another aspect, a disposable portable liquid filtration device is provided. The device includes a portable housing, an inlet positioned on the portable housing and configured to receive liquid therethrough, and a plurality of filtration components within the portable housing. The plurality of filtration components includes an ozone chamber configured to receive air from outside the portable housing and generate an ozone gas from the received air, a filtration duct in downstream flow communication with the inlet, at least one oxidation chamber configured to mix the received liquid with the ozone gas from the ozone chamber, at least one ultraviolet (UV) chamber in downstream flow communication with the at least one oxidation chamber and comprising a UV lamp positioned adjacent the liquid within the filtration duct, the UV lamp configured to irradiate the liquid with UV light. The device also includes an outlet positioned on the portable housing and in downstream flow communication with the filtration duct.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a front view of an exemplary portable liquid filtration device;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the portable liquid filtration device shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the portable liquid filtration device shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the portable liquid filtration device shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a sectional side view of an exemplary oxidation chamber that may be used with the filtration assembly shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a partial sectional side view of an exemplary ultraviolet (UV) chamber that may be used with the filtration assembly shown in FIG. 3,

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of another alternative embodiment of the portable liquid filtration device shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the portable liquid filtration device shown in FIG. 1; and

FIG. 9 is an exploded view of the alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 8 of the portable liquid filtration device shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the portable liquid filtration device shown in FIG. 1; and

FIG. 11 is an exploded view of the alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 10 of the portable liquid filtration device shown in FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The embodiments described herein overcome at least some of the disadvantages of known liquid purification systems. The embodiments include a portable liquid filtration device including a portable housing, an inlet, an ozone chamber, a filtration duct including at least one oxidation chamber and at least one ultraviolet (UV) chamber, and an outlet. The at least one oxidation chamber and the at least one UV chamber cooperate to sanitize the received liquid. More specifically, the at least one oxidation chamber mixes the received liquid with ozone gas from the ozone chamber, and the at least one UV chamber irradiates the received liquid with UV light (i.e., performs advanced oxidation). The filtration duct produces potable water at an output of 150 liters per hour or more. In some embodiments, the device weighs no more than 40 pounds, weighs no more than 15 pounds, and/or occupies no more than four cubic feet, or even no more than two cubic feet.

Unless otherwise indicated, approximating language, such as “generally,” “substantially,” and “about,” as used herein indicates that the term so modified may apply to only an approximate degree, as would be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art, rather than to an absolute or perfect degree. Accordingly, a value modified by a term or terms such as “about,” “approximately,” and “substantially” is not to be limited to the precise value specified. In at least some instances, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value. Additionally, unless otherwise indicated, the terms “first,” “second,” etc. are used herein merely as labels, and are not intended to impose ordinal, positional, or hierarchical requirements on the items to which these terms refer. Moreover, reference to, for example, a “second” item does not require or preclude the existence of, for example, a “first” or lower-numbered item or a “third” or higher-numbered item. As used herein, the term “upstream” refers to an inlet end or inlet area of a component of a portable liquid purification device, and the term “downstream” refers to an outlet end or outlet area of a component of a portable liquid purification device.

FIG. 1 is a front view of an exemplary portable liquid filtration device 100. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of portable liquid filtration device 100 (shown in FIG. 1). FIG. 3 is a block diagram of portable liquid filtration device 100 (shown in FIG. 1). A coordinate system 101 includes an X-axis defining a first, horizontal direction, a Y-axis defining a second, transverse direction, and a Z-axis defining a third, vertical direction, the three axes orthogonal to each other. With reference to FIGS. 1-3, in the exemplary embodiment, portable liquid filtration device 100 includes a portable housing 102 including a front cover 104 and a back cover 106 including a pair of ventilation/drainage openings 105, a vent 108, a pair of direct current (DC) ports 110, an alternating current/DC (AC/DC) switch 112, a male receptacle switch assembly 114, a plurality of wheels 116, a handle 118, and an inlet 120 and outlet 122 positioned on and extending through portable housing 102. Portable housing 102 has a first dimension 111, a second dimension 113, and a third dimension 115, wherein first dimension 111 is greater than second dimension 113 and third dimension 115. In the exemplary embodiment, first dimension 111 extends along the vertical, Z-direction.

In the exemplary embodiment, handle 118 and four wheels 116 are coupled to portable housing 102. More specifically, handle 118 is coupled to a vertically upper portion of back cover 106 and is configured to facilitate grasping, lifting, and transporting portable liquid filtration device 100 by a user. Wheels 116 are coupled to a vertically lower portion of back cover 106 and are configured to facilitate enabling portable liquid filtration device 100 to translate in an substantially XY-plane corresponding to the ground. Vent 108 is coupled to an opening 109 extending through front cover 104 to facilitate an exchange of gas been an interior area of portable housing 102 and an outer environment surrounding portable housing 102. Ventilation/drainage openings 105 extend through a vertically lower portion of back cover 106 and are configured to facilitate additional gas exchange between the interior area of portable housing 102 and the outer environment and to facilitate drainage of any liquid leakage occurring within portable housing 102. In an alternative embodiment, portable housing 102 may include any number and type of handles 118, wheels 116, and vents 108 that facilitate operation of portable liquid filtration device 100 as described herein.

In the exemplary embodiment, a external battery 128 is coupled to DC ports 110 and provides power to portable liquid filtration device 100. In an alternative embodiment, a cord 126 (shown in FIG. 2) may be coupled between an AC power source and male receptacle switch assembly 114 to provide AC power to portable liquid filtration device 100. AC/DC switch 112 facilitates operation of portable liquid filtration device 100 using either AC or DC power, depending on which position AC/DC switch 112 is placed in. In the exemplary embodiment, a position “1” of AC/DC switch 112 enables AC power to be used to operate portable liquid filtration device 100, and a position “2” enables DC power to be used to operate portable liquid filtration device 100. A position “0” of AC/DC switch 112 is an off-position that does not allow power to flow to portable liquid filtration 100 from external battery 128 or power cord 126. In the exemplary embodiment, external battery 128 is a 12 volt, 300 ampere-hour battery. In alternative embodiments, external battery 128 may be any type of battery that facilitates operation of portable liquid filtration device 100 as described herein.

In the exemplary embodiment, inlet 120 is configured to receive non-potable liquid and to channel the non-potable liquid to a filtration assembly 130 housed within portable housing 102. In the exemplary embodiment, the non-potable liquid is non-potable water. In alternative embodiments, inlet 120 is configured to receive non-potable liquids including bodily fluids and water-containing liquids, for example. Filtration assembly 130 includes a filtration duct 132 in downstream fluid communication with inlet 120, an ozone chamber 134 positioned within portable housing 102 and configured to provide ozone to filtration duct 132, an outlet 122 positioned on and extending through portable housing 102 and in downstream flow communication with filtration duct 132, and a middle cover 135 configured to facilitate retaining filtration assembly 130 within portable housing 102. In alternative embodiments, portable liquid filtration device 100 further includes any other component that enables portable liquid filtration device 100 to function as described herein.

In the exemplary embodiment, portable liquid filtration device 100 also includes a sediment filter 136 in upstream flow communication with inlet 120. Sediment filter 136 is configured to remove particulates from the non-potable water channeled through inlet 120. A flexible inlet tube 138 extends between inlet 120 and sediment filter 136. In alternative embodiments, portable liquid filtration device 100 does not include sediment filter 136.

In the exemplary embodiment, filtration duct 132 includes an oxidation chamber 140 and a pair of ultraviolet (UV) chambers 142 coupled together in serial flow communication. An ozone chamber pump 144 is configured to draw air from outside portable housing 102 and channel the air to ozone chamber 134. Ozone chamber 134 is configured to generate an ozone gas from the received air, and channel the ozone gas to introduction into a flow of liquid through oxidation chamber 140. In the exemplary embodiment, ozone chamber 134 generates the ozone gas via a high voltage discharge into the air received from ozone chamber pump 144. In another embodiment, ozone chamber 134 generates the ozone gas via ultraviolet radiation of the air received from ozone chamber pump 144, for example using a dedicated ozone-generating UV lamp that produces radiation at 185 nanometers wavelength. In alternative embodiments, ozone chamber 134 generates the ozone gas in any suitable fashion that enables portable liquid filtration device 100 to function as described herein. In addition, alternatively, air (e.g., ozone gas) may be drawn from outside portable housing 102 with Venturi nozzle 206 (shown in FIG. 5).

Water received through inlet 120 is channeled into oxidation chamber 140, flows through oxidation chamber 140 while mixing with the generated ozone gas, and is channeled into a first of UV chambers 142 that is in downstream flow communication with oxidation chamber 140. After exiting the first of UV chambers 142, the water is channeled into a second of UV chambers 142, flows through the second of UV chambers 142, and is channeled through outlet 122 and a flexible outlet tube 124 as potable water. A water pump 145 is in serial flow communication with filtration duct 132 and inlet 120 to draw in water. In the exemplary embodiment, flow through oxidation chambers 140 and UV chambers 142 is aligned with first dimension 111. In some embodiments, this configuration enables a length of oxidation chambers 140 and/or UV chambers 142 to be a driver of a size of portable housing 102, and facilitates arrangement of other components of portable liquid filtration device 100 to reduce a size of portable housing 102. In alternative embodiments, the components of filtration duct 132 may be arranged in any configuration that enables portable liquid filtration device 100 to function as described herein.

In some embodiments, waste is generated as the water flows through filtration duct 132, and the waste is discharged along with a portion of the received water from at least one liquid waste discharge port 146 (shown in FIG. 7) on portable housing 102. For example, the waste is separated from the primary flow through filtration duct 132 due to a relatively heavier weight and/or a higher momentum of the waste as the flow is channeled through a turn in the flow path through filtration duct 132, and is channeled to liquid waste discharge port 146. In alternative embodiments, waste is not generated in sufficient amounts in filtration duct 132 to merit discharge.

FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the portable liquid filtration device 100 (shown in FIG. 1) illustrating an exemplary arrangement of filtration assembly 130 within portable housing 102. In the exemplary embodiment, filtration assembly 130 also includes connecting flow channels between oxidation chamber 140, UV chambers 142, and associated components. In the exemplary embodiment, the received air is channeled through a flexible air delivery tube 148 from ozone chamber pump 144 to ozone chamber 134. Similarly, ozone gas generated by ozone chamber 134 is channeled to oxidation chamber 140 through an ozone delivery tube 150. The received non-potable water is channeled from inlet 120 to water pump 145 through a pump inlet tube 152. The received water is discharged from water pump 145 and is channeled to oxidation chamber 140 through a pump inlet tube 154. After flowing through oxidation chamber 140 and each UV chamber 142, potable water is discharged from the second of UV chambers 142 and is channeled to outlet 122 through a UV chamber discharge tube 143. In alternative embodiments, filtration assembly 130 includes any suitable connecting flow channels that enable portable liquid filtration device 100 to function as described herein.

In the exemplary embodiment, filtration assembly 130 further includes a pair of UV lamp ballasts 156, an electrical distribution block 158, a switching supply transformer 160, an ozone pump transformer 162, an inverter 164, two pairs of indicator lights 168, and a global positioning system (GPS) tracking unit 170. GPS tracking unit 170 is configured to communicate with the global positioning system to facilitate determining a location of portable liquid filtration device 100. Indicator lights 168 are configured to indicate an operational status of a UV lamp 157 (shown in FIG. 6) within each UV chamber 142 during operation of portable liquid filtration device 100, wherein the operational status is at least one of operable, other than optimally operable, and inoperable. Electrical distribution block 158 is configured to receive electrical power from an electrical power source via a power cord 126 and/or DC ports 110. Inverter 164 is configured to receive DC power from DC ports 110, convert the received DC power to AC power, and output the AC power to filtration assembly 130. In alternative embodiments, AC and/or DC power may be received by any means that facilitates operation of portable liquid filtration device 100 as described herein.

In the example embodiment, power cord 126 is configured to interface with a male receptacle switch assembly 114 and with a U.S. National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) 5-15 receptacle. In alternative embodiments, power cord 126 is configured to interface with any type of receptacle that enables portable liquid filtration device 100 to function as described herein. In other alternative embodiments, portable liquid filtration device 100 includes an internal battery 166 (shown in FIG. 8) and inverter 164 is configured to receive DC power from internal battery 166 and transmit AC power to filtration assembly 130. In yet another alternative embodiment, portable liquid filtration device 100 includes both power cord 126 and internal battery 166, and portable liquid filtration device 100 is selectively switchable between the power sources. In some embodiments, internal battery 166 is rechargeable and/or replaceable.

In the exemplary embodiment, electrical distribution block 158 distributes power from the active power source, for example power cord 126 inverter 164, to the various components of portable liquid filtration device 100. For example, each UV lamp ballast 156 receives electrical power from electrical distribution block 158 and is used to limit the flow of electrical power through each UV lamp 157. For another example, ozone pump transformer 162 receives electrical power from electrical distribution block 158 via switching supply transformer 160 and steps up or down the line voltage of the received AC power to meet the requirements of ozone chamber pump 144 before transmitting the electrical power to ozone chamber pump 144. In alternative embodiments, AC and/or DC power is distributed to the components of portable liquid filtration device 100 in any suitable fashion that enables portable liquid filtration device 100 to function as described herein.

FIG. 5 is a sectional side view of exemplary oxidation chamber 140 that may be used with filtration assembly 130 (shown in FIG. 4). As described above, oxidation chamber 140 is configured to mix the non-potable water received from inlet 120 with the ozone gas received from ozone chamber 134. In the exemplary embodiment, oxidation chamber 140 includes a generally tubular oxidation chamber body 200 that includes a first mixing portion 202 and a second mixing portion 204 in downstream flow communication with first mixing portion 202. oxidation chamber 140 is configured to receive water through an oxidation chamber inlet 210, channel the water serially through first mixing portion 202 and second mixing portion 204, and channel the water out of oxidation chamber 140 via an oxidation chamber outlet 212.

In the exemplary embodiment, first mixing portion 202 includes an ozone gas inlet 120 configured to channel the ozone gas from ozone chamber 134 into first mixing portion 202. In the exemplary embodiment, first mixing portion 202 also includes a Venturi nozzle 206 configured to increase a flow speed and/or turbulence of the received water proximate to ozone gas inlet 214, such that interaction between the ozone gas and the received water and the absorption of the ozone gas by the received water is increased. For example, in some embodiments, a mixing efficiency of first mixing portion 202 is at least 25 percent. In an alternative embodiment, ozone gas inlet 120 is configured to divide the ozone gas into a plurality of separate streams of the ozone gas before introducing the ozone gas into first mixing portion 202 to facilitate increasing absorption of the ozone gas by the received water. In other alternative embodiments, oxidation chamber 140 is configured to receive the ozone gas at any suitable location along oxidation chamber 140, and/or first mixing portion 202 does not include Venturi nozzle 206. In yet other alternative embodiments, a plurality of ozone gas inlets 120 are located along oxidation chamber 140 and are configured to introduce the ozone gas into the received water at a plurality of locations to facilitate increasing absorption of the ozone gas by the received water.

In the exemplary embodiment, second mixing portion 204 includes a mixing vane 208 configured to facilitate further mixing of the received water with the ozone gas within oxidation chamber 140. More specifically, in the exemplary embodiment, mixing vane 208 has a helical spiral shape. In alternative embodiments, mixing vane 208 has any suitable shape that enables portable liquid filtration device 100 to function as described herein. In some embodiments, oxidation chamber 140 has a length of less than 20 inches. For example, Venturi nozzle 206 has a length of about 5 inches and mixing vane 208 has a length of about 10 inches. In alternative embodiments, each of oxidation chamber 140, Venturi nozzle 206, and mixing vane 208 has any suitable length that enables portable liquid filtration device 100 to function as described herein. In alternative embodiments, oxidation chamber 140 has any suitable number and type of mixing portions that enables portable liquid filtration device 100 to function as described herein.

FIG. 6 is a partial sectional side view of exemplary UV chamber 142 that may be used with filtration assembly 130 (shown in FIG. 4). UV chamber 142 includes a generally tubular body 300 and is configured to receive water through one of a first end 302 and a second end 304, channel the water through tubular body 300, and channel the water out of UV chamber 142 through the other of first end 302 and second end 304. UV chamber 142 also includes a UV lamp 157 positioned adjacent the water flowing through UV chamber 142 and configured to irradiate the water with UV light to facilitate sterilizing organic material suspended within the water.

More specifically, in the exemplary embodiment, tubular body 300 circumscribes UV lamp 157, such that UV light emitted from UV lamp 157 in substantially all directions irradiates the water flowing along an annular path around UV lamp 157 through UV chamber 142, thus increasing an efficiency of UV chamber 142. For example, UV lamp 157 is located within a substantially translucent UV lamp tube 306 that extends coaxially with, and is circumscribed by, tubular body 300, such that UV lamp 157 is physically isolated from the water flowing through UV chamber 142. In alternative embodiments, UV lamp 157 is positioned with respect to UV chamber 142 in any suitable manner that enables portable liquid filtration device 100 to function as described herein.

Further in the exemplary embodiment, UV chamber 142 includes a UV chamber top cap 308 removably coupled to first end 302 such that UV lamp 157 and UV lamp tube 306 may be withdrawn from UV chamber 142 by uncoupling UV chamber top cap 308 from UV chamber tubular body 300. Additionally, UV chamber 142 includes a UV tube cap 310 removably coupled to UV chamber top cap 308 such that UV lamp 157 may be withdrawn from UV lamp tube 306 by uncoupling UV tube cap 310 from UV chamber top cap 308. A silicon O-ring 312 is positioned between UV chamber top cap 308 and UV tube cap 310 to facilitate stabilizing UV lamp tube 306 within UV chamber 142. In alternative embodiments, UV lamp 157 and/or UV lamp tube 306 are coupled to UV chamber 142 in any suitable fashion using any suitable components that enable portable liquid filtration device 100 to function as described herein. As shown in FIG. 3, in the exemplary embodiment, pair of UV chambers 142 is oriented such that water is channeled serially into second end 304 of a first of UV chambers 142, out of first end 302 of the first of UV chambers 142, into first end 302 of a second of UV chambers 142, and out of second end 304 of the second of UV chambers 142. This orientation facilitates placement of caps 308 and 310 of both UV chambers 142 adjacent to each other while reducing a flow path length between the two, such that UV lamp 157 of both UV chambers 142 may be replaced from the same end of filtration assembly 130. In alternative embodiments, UV chambers 142 are oriented in any suitable fashion that enables portable liquid filtration device 100 to function as described herein.

In some embodiments, each UV chamber 142 has a length of less than 24 inches. In alternative embodiments, each UV chamber 142 has any suitable length that enables portable liquid filtration device 100 to function as described herein.

In certain embodiments, at least one oxidation chamber 140 (shown in FIG. 5) further includes a separate UV lamp 157 positioned adjacent the water flowing through oxidation chamber 140, for example coupled to oxidation chamber 140 as described above with respect to UV chamber 142, or in any other suitable fashion. In some such embodiments, sanitization of the received water is further improved by the additional UV treatment occurring simultaneously with the ozone mixing in at least one oxidation chamber 140. In other embodiments, oxidation chamber 140 does include a UV lamp 157 positioned adjacent oxidation chamber 140.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an alternative embodiment of portable liquid filtration device 100 (shown in FIG. 1) illustrating an alternative filtration assembly 130. The embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is substantially identical to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, except filtration assembly 130 includes an additional oxidation chamber 140 as part of filtration duct 132. In addition, the embodiment of FIG. 7 illustrates internal battery 166 for providing power for operation of portable liquid filtration device 100, as well as the at least one liquid waste discharge port 146. Although internal battery 166 is illustrated as included within portable housing 102, in alternative embodiments, portable liquid filtration device 100 is coupled to external battery 128 located outside and separate from portable liquid filtration device 100.

More specifically, in the exemplary embodiment, filtration duct 132 includes a pair of oxidation chambers 140 and a pair of UV chambers 142 coupled together in serial flow communication. Ozone chamber 134 is configured channel a first portion of the generated ozone gas to a first of oxidation chambers 140 and a second portion of the generated ozone gas to a second of oxidation chambers 140 via parallel flow ozone delivery tubes 150. In alternative embodiments, portable liquid filtration device 100 includes any suitable number of oxidation chambers 140 and UV chambers 142 that enables portable liquid filtration device 100 to function as described herein.

In the exemplary embodiment, water received through inlet 120 is channeled into the first of oxidation chambers 140, flows through the first of oxidation chambers 140, and is channeled to a first of UV chambers 142. The first of UV chambers 142 is in downstream flow communication with the first of oxidation chambers 140 and receives the water from oxidation chamber outlet 122. Water flows through the first of UV chambers 142, is irradiated by UV lamp 157, and is channeled out of the first of UV chambers 142. The water is then channeled into a second of oxidation chambers 140, flows through the second of oxidation chambers 140, and is channeled into a second of UV chambers 142. Water received by the second of UV chambers 142 flows through the second of UV chambers 142, is irradiated by UV lamp 157, exits the second of UV chambers 142. After the water exits the second of UV chambers 142 the water is discharged through outlet 122 as potable water. In alternative embodiments, portable liquid filtration device 100 includes any suitable arrangement of the components of filtration assembly 130 that enables portable liquid filtration device 100 to function as described herein.

As described above, in some embodiments, waste is generated as the water flows through filtration duct 132, and discharged from at least one liquid waste discharge port 146. In the exemplary embodiment, a first portion of the waste is generated as the water flows through the first of oxidation chambers 140. The first portion of waste is separated from the primary flow through filtration duct 132, such as by a relatively heavier weight and/or a higher momentum of the waste as the flow turns at the chamber outlet, and is channeled to a first liquid waste discharge port 146 on portable housing 102 for discharge from portable liquid filtration device 100. Similarly, a second portion of waste is generated as the water flows through the second of oxidation chambers 140, separated from the primary flow through filtration duct 132, and channeled to a second liquid waste discharge port 146 on portable housing 102 for discharge from portable liquid filtration device 100. In alternative embodiments, waste generated as the water flows through filtration duct 132 is separated and discharged from portable liquid filtration device 100 in any suitable fashion that enables portable liquid filtration device 100 to function as described herein. In other alternative embodiments, waste is not generated in sufficient amounts to merit discharge from filtration duct 132.

In some embodiments, as described above, portable liquid filtration device 100 receives power from external battery 128 and/or internal battery 166. In some such embodiments, operating power requirements of portable liquid filtration device 100 are such that external battery 128 and/or internal battery 166, implemented as a 12-volt, 300 ampere-hour battery, is sufficient to operate portable liquid filtration device 100 for at least ten hours and/or to produce at least 2,000 total liters of potable water, before external and/or internal battery 166 requires a recharge or replacement. In alternative embodiments, external battery 128 and/or internal battery 166 operates portable liquid filtration device 100 to produce any suitable amount of potable water over a single charge of internal battery 166.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of portable liquid filtration device 100 (shown in FIG. 1) illustrating a horizontal arrangement of portable housing 102. FIG. 9 is an exploded view of the alternative embodiment (shown in FIG. 8) of portable liquid filtration device 100 (shown in FIG. 1). The embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 is substantially identical to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, except portable housing 102 is oriented such that first dimension 111, which is greater than second dimension 113 and third dimension 115, extends parallel to a surface upon which portable housing 102 rests during operation of filtration duct 132. More specifically, in some embodiments, first dimension 111 extends generally horizontally. Thus, flow through oxidation chambers 140 and UV chambers 142, which is aligned with first dimension 111, is also substantially horizontal, which tends to reduce dynamic effects of the flow on portable housing 102. Configuring portable liquid filtration device 100 in a primarily horizontal layout facilitates decreasing the overall height of portable housing 102 with respect to the vertical, Z-direction and facilitates a stability of portable liquid filtration device 100 in certain operational environments. For example, configuring portable liquid filtration device 100 such that first dimension 111 extends along the horizontal X-direction facilitates lowering and stabilizing portable liquid filtration device's 100 center of gravity such that portable liquid filtration device 100 is less likely to tip over during operation of portable liquid filtration device 100, In alternative embodiments, portable housing 102 and filtration assembly 130 may be arranged in any manner that facilitates operation of portable liquid filtration device 100 as described herein.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of portable liquid filtration device 100 (shown in FIG. 1) illustrating a horizontal arrangement of portable housing 102. FIG. 11 is an exploded view of the alternative embodiment (shown in FIG. 10) of portable liquid filtration device 100 (shown in FIG. 1). Device 100 includes a top cover 216, a bottom cover 218, and a side cover 220 that are selectively coupled to housing 102. Device 100 also includes a pump inverter 222, an ADC adapter 224, a DC port 226, an AC port 228, and an ADC switch 230. Device 100 also includes an ozone generator inverter 232 and a fan 234.

With reference to FIGS. 1-9, in certain embodiments, portable liquid filtration device 100 weighs less than about 40 pounds, or less than about 15 pounds, is sized to be received within a volume measuring no more than four cubic feet, and is operable to output at least 150 liters per hour of the received water from outlet 122 as potable water. In some such embodiments, portable liquid filtration device 100 is sized to be received within a volume measuring no more than two cubic feet, further facilitating the transportation of portable liquid filtration device 100 to supply potable water to areas of need. Additionally or alternatively, in some such embodiments, portable liquid filtration device 100 is operable to output at least 150 liters per hour of the received water from outlet 122 as potable water.

Moreover, portable liquid filtration device 100 is of robust construction and operable over a long, albeit limited, lifetime. In some embodiments, portable liquid filtration device 100 is operable to produce at least about 500,000 total liters, or at least about 1,000,000 total liters, of potable water before requiring repair or replacement of any component (other than external battery 128 and/or internal battery 166, if not recharged). Moreover, in some such embodiments, portable liquid filtration device 100 is operable to produce between about 800,000 liters and about 1,000,000 million total liters, or between about 1,000,000 million total liters and about 2,000,000 million total liters, of potable water before requiring repair or replacement of any component (other than external battery 128 and/or internal battery 166, if not recharged). In particular, in some such embodiments, portable liquid filtration device 100 is operable to produce about 1,600,000 total liters of potable water before requiring repair or replacement of any component (other than external battery 128 and/or internal battery 166, if not recharged). In other words, one or more internal components of portable liquid filtration device 100, such as ozone chamber 134, oxidation chambers 140, and/or UV chambers 142, have a limited service life that enables a predetermined total output, such as the outputs described above. After the predetermined output is reached, replacement of those components is required. The limited service life may be defined by continuous or semi-continuous use of ozone chamber 134, oxidation chambers 140, and/or UV chambers 142 without repair or maintenance. In alternative embodiments, portable liquid filtration device 100 is operable to produce any suitable amount of potable water before requiring repair or replacement of any component (other than internal battery 166, if not recharged).

The need for repair or replacement of the internal components may be determined based on an analysis of a potability level of the water discharged from device 100. In some embodiments, the water discharged from device 100 may be sampled and analyzed during operation of device 100 to determine the potability level of the water. The potability level may be determined based on Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines or standards for microorganism contamination in potable water. For example, the potability level may be defined at a threshold of about 500 colony forming units of heterotrophic bacteria per milliliter (CFU/ml), wherein water having less than about 500 CFU/ml is determined to be potable. Accordingly, ozone chamber 134, oxidation chambers 140, and UV chambers 142 have a useful service life that enables device 100 to produce the desired total outputs, such as those described above, at microorganism contamination levels that are equal to or less than the threshold potability level without the need for repair or maintenance.

When a determination has been made that device 100 is producing water with microorganism contamination levels that are greater than the threshold potability level, intake of liquid through inlet 124 and potable water production is stopped. The liquid intake may be stopped manually or automatically with a switch that receives feedback on the contamination level of the water produced. The increased contamination levels may be a result of a malfunctioning ozone chamber 134, oxidation chambers 140, and/or UV chambers 142, for example. In one embodiment, the malfunctioning component may be repaired or replaced. Alternatively, device 100 is designed to be a low-cost and single-use unit, wherein the unit is capable of producing the total outputs described above in compliance with the threshold potability level and in a cost-effective manner. Accordingly, in the exemplary embodiment, device 100 may be disposed of, in lieu of repairing or performing maintenance on the internal components, after device 100 is no longer capable of producing potable water at the threshold potability level. In an alternative embodiment, the total output of potable water produced by device 100 may be monitored, and the intake of liquid through inlet 124 may be stopped when the output is determined to be greater than a predefined threshold, such as 1 million liters, 1.25 million liters, 1.5 million liters, or 1.6 million liters.

In the exemplary embodiment, device 100 includes one or more features that cause and promote the disposability of device 100. For example, ozone chamber 134, oxidation chambers 140, or UV chambers 142 may be permanently coupled within portable housing 102. As used herein, the term “permanently coupled” refers to the use of a coupling mechanism that causes that specific component within device 100 to be damaged during its removal from device 100. For example, in the exemplary embodiment, any of the filtration components (e.g., ozone chamber 134, oxidation chambers 140, or UV chambers 142) that are permanently coupled within device 100, by design, will be damaged if removed from portable housing 102. Alternatively, portable housing 102 may be sealed in such a manner that facilitate limiting and restricting access to its interior, such as manually. Exemplary coupling mechanisms include, but are not limited to only including, an adhesive composition or mechanical locking mechanisms. Portable housing 102 may also be sealed with an adhesive composition, or locked with mechanical locking mechanisms to facilitate restricting access to the interior. Accordingly, a user of device 100 may be discouraged or prevented from attempting repair or maintenance of device 100 without causing damage to device 100.

Thus, portable liquid filtration device 100 has a limited weight and bulk that facilitates transportation of portable liquid filtration device 100 to areas of need, such as by manual transport by a user or small group of users over unimproved terrain if necessary, and also provides a high-volume output that reduces a number of water filtration units needed to meet emergency potable water requirements for a large number of people and/or over a long time period. Moreover, portable liquid filtration device 100 requires no additional assembly or set-up upon arrival at the site of need, but rather is ready to immediately generate potable water. Moreover, operation using replaceable and/or rechargeable external battery 128 (shown in FIG. 1) and/or internal battery 166 (shown in FIG. 7), located within portable housing 102 or separately provided, further facilitates use in areas where a power grid is offline or non-existent. In alternative embodiments, portable liquid filtration device 100 has any suitable weight and volume that enables portable liquid filtration device 100 to function as described herein.

The above-described embodiments of portable liquid filtration devices overcome at least some disadvantages of known water purification systems. Specifically, embodiments of the portable liquid filtration device include a portable housing, an inlet and an outlet, an ozone chamber, and a filtration duct including at least oxidation chamber and at least one UV chamber that cooperate together to sanitize the received water at an output of 150 liters per hour or more. Also specifically, in some embodiments, the device weighs no more than 40 pounds and/or occupies no more than four cubic feet, or even no more than two cubic feet. Also specifically, the device does not require internal filters that have to be replaced on a routine basis and/or that limit the flow rate of water through the portable liquid filtration device. Also specifically, in at least some embodiments, the portable liquid filtration device may be powered by a replaceable or rechargeable battery while producing 2,000 liters of potable water on a single battery charge.

Exemplary embodiments of a portable liquid filtration device, and methods of assembling the same, are described above in detail. The systems and methods are not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, but rather, components of systems and/or steps of methods may be utilized independently and separately from other components and/or steps described herein. For example, the system may also be used in combination with other water purification systems and methods, and is not limited to practice with only a portable liquid filtration device as described herein. Rather, the embodiments can be implemented and utilized in connection with many other liquid purification applications.

Although specific features of various embodiments of the disclosure may be shown in some drawings and not in others, this is for convenience only. Moreover, references to “one embodiment” in the above description are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. In accordance with the principles of the disclosure, any feature of a drawing may be referenced and/or claimed in combination with any feature of any other drawing.

This written description uses examples, including the best mode, to illustrate the disclosure and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the disclosure is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of filtering liquid using a portable liquid filtration device, the method comprising: positioning the portable liquid filtration device such that an inlet on a portable housing of the portable liquid filtration device is oriented to receive the liquid to be filtered; drawing air into the portable housing through an ozone chamber within the portable housing, such that ozone gas is generated; channeling the ozone gas and the received liquid to at least one advanced oxidation (AO) chamber within the portable housing, such that the ozone gas and the received liquid are mixed; channeling the liquid mixture to at least one ultraviolet (UV) chamber within the portable housing, such that a UV lamp of the UV chamber irradiates the liquid mixture with UV light; and discharging potable water, received from the at least one UV chamber, through an outlet in the portable housing, wherein the portable liquid filtration device is configured to produce an output of at least about 1 million liters of potable water at a threshold potability level, wherein at least one of the ozone chamber, the at least one AO chamber, or the at least one UV chamber has a limited service life that defines the output at the threshold potability level.
 2. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein discharging potable water comprises discharging between about 1 million liters and about 2 million liters of potable water at the threshold potability level without repair or maintenance of the ozone chamber, the at least one AO chamber, and the at least one UV chamber.
 3. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein discharging potable water comprises discharging at least about 1.6 million liters of potable water at the threshold potability level without repair or maintenance of the ozone chamber, the at least one AO chamber, and the at least one UV chamber.
 4. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the limited service life of the ozone chamber, the at least one AO chamber, and the at least one UV chamber is defined by continuous or semi-continuous use thereof without repair or maintenance.
 5. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein discharging potable water comprises producing the output of at least about 1 million liters of potable water at less than about 500 colony forming units of heterotrophic bacteria per milliliter.
 6. The method in accordance with claim 1 further comprising stopping intake of the liquid through the inlet when at least one of a microorganism contamination level or the output is determined to be greater than a predefined threshold.
 7. The method in accordance with claim 6 further comprising disposing of the device when the microorganism contamination level or the output is determined to be greater than the predefined threshold, wherein the disposal is in lieu of repairing or performing maintenance on the ozone chamber, the at least one AO chamber, or the at least one UV chamber.
 8. A portable liquid filtration device comprising: a portable housing; an inlet positioned on said portable housing and configured to receive liquid therethrough; a plurality of filtration components permanently coupled within said portable housing, said plurality of filtration components comprising: an ozone chamber configured to receive air from outside said portable housing and generate an ozone gas from the received air; a filtration duct in downstream flow communication with said inlet; at least one advanced oxidation (AO) chamber configured to mix the received liquid with the ozone gas from said ozone chamber; and at least one ultraviolet (UV) chamber in downstream flow communication with said at least one AO chamber and comprising a UV lamp positioned adjacent the liquid within said filtration duct, said UV lamp configured to irradiate the liquid with UV light; and an outlet positioned on said portable housing and in downstream flow communication with said filtration duct, wherein said outlet is configured to discharge an output of at least about 1 million liters of potable water at a threshold potability level, wherein the output at the threshold potability level is limited by a service life of at least one of said plurality of filtration components.
 9. The portable liquid filtration device in accordance with claim 8, wherein at least one of said plurality of filtration components is permanently coupled within said portable housing.
 10. The portable liquid filtration device in accordance with claim 8, wherein said portable housing is sealed to restrict access to interior of said portable housing by hand.
 11. The portable liquid filtration device in accordance with claim 8, wherein said portable housing weighs no more than 15 pounds and is sized to be received within a volume measuring no more than about four cubic feet.
 12. The portable liquid filtration device in accordance with claim 8, wherein said plurality of filtration components are operable to discharge at least 150 liters per hour of the received liquid from said outlet as potable water.
 13. The portable liquid filtration device in accordance with claim 8, wherein said portable housing has a first dimension, a second dimension, and a third dimension, the three dimensions orthogonal to each other, wherein the first dimension is greater than the second and the third dimensions.
 14. A disposable portable liquid filtration device comprising: a portable housing; an inlet positioned on said portable housing and configured to receive liquid therethrough; a plurality of filtration components within said portable housing, said plurality of filtration components comprising: an ozone chamber configured to receive air from outside said portable housing and generate an ozone gas from the received air; a filtration duct in downstream flow communication with said inlet; at least one advanced oxidation (AO) chamber configured to mix the received liquid with the ozone gas from said ozone chamber; and at least one ultraviolet (UV) chamber in downstream flow communication with said at least one AO chamber and comprising a UV lamp positioned adjacent the liquid within said filtration duct, said UV lamp configured to irradiate the liquid with UV light; and an outlet positioned on said portable housing and in downstream flow communication with said filtration duct.
 15. The disposable portable liquid filtration device in accordance with claim 14, wherein said outlet is configured to discharge an output of at least about 1 million liters of potable water at a threshold potability level, wherein the output at the threshold potability level is limited by a service life of at least one of said plurality of filtration components.
 16. The disposable portable liquid filtration device in accordance with claim 14, wherein said portable housing is sealed to restrict access to interior of said portable housing by hand.
 17. The disposable portable liquid filtration device in accordance with claim 14, wherein said portable housing weighs no more than 15 pounds and is sized to be received within a volume measuring no more than about four cubic feet.
 18. The disposable portable liquid filtration device in accordance with claim 14, wherein said plurality of filtration components are operable to discharge at least 150 liters per hour of the received liquid from said outlet as potable water.
 19. The disposable portable liquid filtration device in accordance with claim 14, wherein said portable housing has a first dimension, a second dimension, and a third dimension, the three dimensions orthogonal to each other, wherein the first dimension is greater than the second and the third dimensions.
 20. The disposable portable liquid filtration device in accordance with claim 14, wherein said plurality of filtration components are operable to discharge at least 2,000 liters of the received liquid from said outlet as potable water during a single charge of a 12 volt, 300 ampere-hour battery coupled to the disposable portable liquid filtration device. 